重写句子。
1.The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well.(simple sentence)
The exam was postponed. The class was canceled as well.
2.You send more time studying. You are going to get better grades.(complex sentence)
If you send more time studying, you are going to get better grades.
3.Mary is bright. She is beautiful. She is considerate.(parallel structure)
Mary is bright, beautiful and considerate.
4.It was nearly dark. A snowmobile appeared. The snowmobile was roaring. It was running without lights it hit Mrs. Clifford.(long sentence)
It was nearly dark, and a roaring snowmobile hit Mrs. Clifford because it was running without lights.
5.Helen pulled the lid of the manhole(下水道). She did it with all of her strength(simple sentence with prepositional phrase at the beginning)
With all of her strength, Helen pulled the lid of the manhole.
6.Louis approached the dean’s office. She walked at a slow pace.(simple sentence with –ing phrase at the beginning)
Walking at a slow pace, Louis approached the dean’s office.
7.Cindy lay on the couch. She was exhausted from working all day.(simple sentence with –ed phrase)
Cindy lay on the couch, exhausted from working all day.
8.Mary squirmed in her seat as she waited for her turn to speak. She was nervous.(compound sentence with –ly opener).
Nervously, Mary squirmed in her seat as she waited for her turn to speak.
9.James Joyce’s Ulysses, a long and complicated novel and which is on our reading list, has been banned by the school board.(parallel structure)
James Joyce’s Ulysses, which is a long and complicated novel and which is on our reading list, had been banned by the school board.
10.My father bought me a present, and it was digital wristwatch.(complex sentence)
My father bought me a present which was a digital wristwatch.
11.Louise eyed the perfume. She carried a purse. The purse was already open. The clerk turned around. Louis put the perfume in her purse. The store manager told the judge that he saw all this happen.(long sentence)
The store manager told the judge that he saw Louise put the perfume she eyed in her carrying purse, which was already open, as the clerk turned around
12.Joan who is a weight lifter, is my neighbor.(simple sentences)
Joan is a weight lifter. Joan is my neighbor.
13.Adam cried at the end of the movie E.T. He was amazed by his feelings.(simple sentence)
Adam was amazed by his crying at the end of the movie E.T.
14.I tried to stifle my grin. I was amused but reluctant to show it.(simple sentence with –ed phrase)
I tried to stifle my grin, amused but reluctant to show it.
15.The house floated down the river. It happened during the last flood.(simple sentence with prepositional phrase)
The house floated down the river during the last flood.
16.The storm hit the coast city. We crisscrossed our windows with strong tape.(complex sentence.)
When the storm hit the coast city, we crisscrossed our windows with strong tape.
17.Louis bought sweater. Freda bought a sweater. Helen bought a sweater. The sweaters were red. The sweaters were wool.(long sentence)
Louis, Freda, Helen each bought a sweater which is red and wool.
18.She left home. No one could explain the reason.(complex sentence)
No one could explain the reason why she left home.
19.My father does not love the environment. He is not accustomed to the weather either.(parallel structure)
Neither does my father love the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather.
20.Tom bought a green-striped suit. He was tired of his conservative wardrobe.(simple sentence beginning with –ed phrase)
Tired of his conservative wardrobe, Tom bought a green-striped suit.
21.She wants to get the stain off her hand. She will have to use an abrasive soap.(simple sentence)
To get the stain off her hand, she will have to use an abrasive soap.
22.The children started arguing. I made them turn off the TV.(compound sentence)
The children started arguing, so I made them turn off the TV.
23.After they unrolled their sleeping mats, the children at the day-care took their naps.(simple sentences)
The children at the day-care took their naps. They unrolled their sleeping mats
24.Dad is to forget the troubles of the day. He putters around in his basement workshop.(simple sentence with –ing phrase)
By puttering around in his basement workshop, Dad is to forget the troubles of the day.
25.The muffler shop advertised same-day service, but my car wasn’t ready for three days.(complex sentence with subordinate clause)
Although the muffler shop advertised same-day service, my car wasn’t ready for three days.
26.Peg entered the room. Lisa was in the room. Lisa lay on his couch. Lisa appeared to be asleep. Lisa’s hair was long. It nearly touched the floor. On Lisa’s stomach was her cat. Its name was Tikky.(long sentence)
When Peg entered the room, Lisa was lying on his couch, being asleep, whose long hair nearly touched the floor and her cat Tikky was on her stomach.
27.Jack obtained a credit card. He began spending money carelessly.(complex sentence)
When Jack obtained a credit card, he began spending money carelessly.
28.David lopped dead branches off the tree, and Michelle stacked them into piles on the ground below.(complex sentence with subordinate clause)
After David lopped dead branches off the tree, Michelle stacked them into piles on the ground below.
29.Jack dialed the police emergency number. He received a busy signal. He dropped the phone and ran. He didn’t have time to call back.(compound complex sentence)
Jack dialed the police emergency number but he received a busy signal so he dropped the phone and ran because he didn’t have time to call back.
30.George tried to protect himself from the dampness of the room. He wrapped a scarf around his neck.(simple sentence with –ing phrase)
Trying to protect himself from the dampness of the room, George wrapped a scarf around his neck.
31.The crowd began file slowly out of the stadium. They were stunned by the last-minute touchdown(着地得分).(simple sentence with –ed phrase)
The crowd began to file slowly out of the stadium, stunned by the last-minute touchdown.
32.At midnight my roommate closed her books. I studied until 2 A.M.(compound sentence)
At midnight my roommate closed her books, but I studied until 2 A.M.
33.The movie disgusted the coach. He worked out after fifteen minutes.(complex sentence)
Because the movie disgusted the coach, he worked out after fifteen minutes.
34.The rain hit the hot pavement. Plumes of stream rose from the blacktop. Cars slowed crawl. The fog obscured the driver’s vision.(compound complex sentence)
When the rain hit the hot pavement, plumes of stream rose from the blacktop and cars slowed crawl for the fog obscured the driver’s vision.
35.I leaned to quite my mind through mediation. Mediation can help me sleep better.(simple sentences with to opener)
To help me sleep better, I leaned to quite my mind through mediation,.
36.The house is small. It is white. It is on the corner.(long sentence)
The house is on the corner, small and white.
37.She is not young. She is not inexperienced.(parallel structure)
She is neither young nor inexperienced.
38.His vision begins to fade. He knows he’d better get some rest.(complex sentence)
Since his vision begins to fade, he knows he’d better get some rest.
39.She arrived in London. She visited her teacher whom she had not seen since her graduation.(simple sentence beginning with prepositional phrase)
On her arrival in London, she visited her teacher whom she had not seen since her graduation.
40.The rescuers were careful as they handled the rope. They lowered the frightened climber from the edge.(simple sentence with by-phrase beginning with carefully)
By carefully handling the rope, the rescuers lowered the frightened climber from the edge.
41.The sun went down. We stayed on the beach.(complex sentence)
Until the sun went down, we stayed on the beach.
42.His car went through the automated car. Harry watched from the sidelines. Floppy brushes slapped the car’s doors. Sprays of water squirted onto the roof.(compound complex sentence)
When his car went through the automated car, Harry watched from the sidelines and saw floppy brushes slapped the car’s doors and sprays of water squirted onto the roof.
43.Gena had worn glasses for fifteen years. She decided to get contact lenses. She would be able to see better. She would look more glamorous.(complex sentences)
After she had worn glasses for fifteen years, Gena decided to get contact lenses, with which she would be able to see better and would look more glamorous.

改写病句.
1.The exam was postponed, the class was canceled as well.
The exam was postponed. The class was canceled as well.
2.He failed a number of courses before he earned his degree. Among them, English 1, Economics, and General Biology.
Among the courses he failed before he earned his degree were English 1, Economics, and General Biology.
3.I nearly earned a hundred dollars last week.
I earned nearly a hundred dollars last week.
4.Students who study often get good grades.
Students who study get good grades often.
5.He has always had and always will compete for the highest honor.
He has always competed and always will compete for the highest honor.
6.While eating my sandwich, five mosquitoes bit me.
While I was eating my sandwich, five mosquitoes bit me.
7.To join the team, a C average or better is necessary.
To join the team, you must have a C average or better.
8.Tom Clark, who is wise and intelligent, and who is our union representative, has been promoted to foreman.
Tom Clark, who is wise and intelligent and who is our union representative, has been promoted to foreman.
9.Claudia mentioned the operation she had had in the elevator.
In the elevator, Claudia mentioned the operation she had had.
10.Getting out of bed, the tile floor was so cold that Maria shivered all over.
Getting out of bed, Maria found the tile floor so cold that she shivered all over.
Or: when Maria got out of bed, the tile floor was so cold that she shivered all over.
11.Like many of today’s students, financial security is one of Margaret’s highest priority.
Like many of today’s students, Margaret’s highest priority is financial security.
12.Swimming at the lake, a rock cut Jim’s foot.
Swimming at the lake, Jim cut his foot on a rock.
Or: When Jim was swimming at the lake, he cut his foot on a rock.
13.After there hours of practice, a large mug of beer was what the thirsty dancers wanted.
After there hours of practice, the thirsty dancers wanted a large mug of beer.
14.I spent almost two hours on the phone yesterday. Trying to find a garage to repair my car.
I spent two hours on the phone yesterday, trying to find a garage to repair my car.
15.She was at first very happy with the blue sorts car she bought for only $ 500. Not realizing until a week later that the car averaged 7 miles a gallon of gas.
She was at first very happy with the blue sorts car she bought for only $ 500. She realized only a week later that the car averaged 7 miles a gallon of gas.
16.You should strive to cooperate with your colleagues to bring about change, for improving communication and professional development.
You should strive to cooperate with your colleagues to bring about change, to improve communication, and to further professional development.
17.He has always has and always will compete for the highest honor.
He has always competed and will always compete for the honor.

写便条.
Write a note of apology according to the situation described. Your friend lives in another city and came to visit you last Sunday, but due to some reason you were not at home. Write a note expressing your regrets on having missed seeing him or her.
Dear Sandy, May.22
It’s very kind of you to come to see me last Sunday, but it so happened that my uncle came here and I had to accompany him to visit the Summer Palace. What a pity! We haven’t seen each other for a long time. Will you come here on National Day? We will have a seven-day holiday then. Call before come.
Yours,
Kate
Write a note according to the situation described. Thank someone for his remembering you on your birthday, or other anniversaries(周年纪念). In your note you will 1. express gratitude for his remembering you on a certain occasion and 2. state clearly that you like whatever you have been given as a token of remembrance.(70-100 words).
Dear Sally, Apr.18
Betty and I really can’t figure out how you managed to remember our wedding anniversary. Yes, you were the bridesmaid(女傧相) at our wedding, but that was almost ten years ago!
We just can’t get over the wonderful memories you have brought back to our minds in your beautiful greeting card. The silver plate is just beautiful and the words inscribed on it are magnificent.
Again lots of thanks and love for remembering.
Yours truthfully,
George
Write a note of apology according to the situation described. You failed to keep an appointment because your son or daughter was ill. Express your sorry, and postpone your meeting.(70-100 words)
Mar.8
Dear Mr. Richards, I would like to express my apologies for not being able to keep our 8 o’clock appointment. The moment I got up this morning, I found my son running a high fever and I have to take him to the hospital. As he has developed pneumonia and has to stay in hospital for a few days, I am afraid we’ll have to put off our meeting to some time next week.
With many apologies
Wang Dong
Write a note of complaint according to the situation described. Your neighbor often plays record so loudly deep into the night. You should explain your reasons and suggest that he stop playing at late hours.(70-100 words)
Dear Robert, Aug.14,2000
I’m very sorry to tell you that I can’t bear the loud noise of your tape recorder at midnight any more. Being a bad sleeper, I am quite sensitive to noises, which greatly affects my work and studies. I am afraid that the dorm doesn’t have a very good sound proof system; besides, it is summer time and we all have our windows wide open. I would quite appreciate if you could stop playing at such late hours.
Sincerely yours,
Ruskin
Write a note of complaint according to the situation described. You are staying in the West House Hotel. You have a problem with heating. Your room is too hot and you can’t sleep. Write a note to the manager. Say what you tried to do, and what happened.(70-100 words)
Dear Manager, Jan,2000
I’m a customer of your hotel. Yesterday evening I opened the heating system of my room. However, at midnight, I found it too hot and I just couldn’t sleep. I tried every means to adjust the heating but failed. It is clear that the heating system of my room is not working properly. I felt very sorry that such a grandeur hotel is so poorly equipped. I hope this accident will have your attention.
Yours sincerely,
Joseph Smith
Write a note according to the situation described. You are returning by post a friend’s book you have kept for too long. Write a note to him/her, apologizing for and explaining the delay.(70-100 words)
18 Jan,2000
Dear Jean,
I am terribly sorry for not returning the book you lent me last year until now because I’ve been in use of it all the time. I had tried to find another book of the kind in order to return yours in an early time, but failed. I found it so helpful to my paper writing that I think I couldn’t have accomplished my task without it. It must have caused you some inconvenience in your study. Please accept my apologies.
Yours,
Linda
Write a note of sympathy according to the situation described. Your friend Peter had a traffic accident and one of his legs was injured. Write a note asking after his health.(70-100 words)
July 3
Dear peter,
I’m sorry to hear that you had a traffic accident and one of your legs was injured. I was told that the injury was not very serious, but you must be staying in bed and can’t move freely. Don’t worry too much. It’s easy for young people like you to recover. My warmest wishes to you for a quick and full recovery. I hope the flowers which I’m sending along with this note will help to brighten your room and cheer your spirits.
Yours,
John
Writer a note of appointment according to the situation described. You are working on your paper and meet some problems which you need to talk over with your professor Shear. In your note you will express your intention to meet him, suggest a time and place of his consideration and finally ask him to leave you a message.
Thursday,Feb,10
Professor Shear,
I’d like to talk over with you on my current paper on Walt Whitman. I have so many problem about his writing style and the social background when he composed his poems. I wonder if I could see you in your office next Monday morning, at 10:15? Please leave a note for me on your door and let me know whether it is OK, or when you are convenient. Thanks.
Yours,
Lynn
Write a note of invitation according to the situation described. Your daughter won the second place in the National Games of swimming. You want to invite your friend to come to your house for a celebration. Make sure to include at least the following points: purpose, time, date, place.(70-100 words)
Dear Shirley,
We feel extremely pleased to inform you that my daughter, Sherry, who had been under intensive training for the past six months, has won the second place in the Tenth National Games for swimming. For this occasion, we’d like to have you and your family over to join us in the celebration. The party will start at 6:00 PM Thursday, June 15 in our house.
Our address is 78 Wildwood Drive, Smithtown. A map is enclosed to help you find your way.
Yours truly,
Lisle Fisher
R.S.V.P
Write a thank-you note according to the situation described. You had a good time when you were staying at the home of a relative. Now you are back home and are writing a note to thank him for his hospitality: In your note you should also express that he is welcome whenever he wants to pay a visit to you.(70-100 words)
January 26
Dear Allen,
I’m safely home and I want to thank you very much for the wonderful time I had at your home. My visit with you was both relaxing and entertaining. Your home is lovely and your cooking was terrific. You spent so much time to show me around the city and the places we visited were beautiful.
I hope that I can soon repay your hospitality. Please feel free to visit me whenever you get the opportunity

写信。
You are planning to work toward an M.A.degree in a college or university. Write an application to that institution. In your letter, provide the necessary information about yourself tell them you want to study library science and ask them to send you the necessary materials and relevant information.
May 6,2001
Dear sir,
I’m interested in working towards an M.A.degree in the field of Library Science. I am very interested in going abroad to obtain an advanced degree. Library Science has always interested me. My main emphasis has been on the study of the Management of the Libraries.
As a undergraduate, I managed to get fairly high grades. I shall graduate at the top of my class. I have also participated in the preparation of several papers which were written by my faculty advisor, Dr. Li. In addition, I feel that I have a good command of the English language which will enable me to pursue my studies without having much trouble with a language barrier(障碍).
I would appreciate if you would forward the necessary materials and relevant information at your earliest convenience.
Sincerely Yours,
(Signature)

Write a letter of complaint. In your letter you should describe or report the matter at issue; make some form of complaint and demand a solution or compensation for the problem.
September 25,2000
Gentlemen:
I am aware of your reputation for quality products plus reliability; consequently I do not hesitate to write to you.
For the past two years, my tow sons, ages eight and ten, have enjoyed your Electronic Hockey Game. The other day, a welded joint gave way and rendered the game absolutely useless. It was the joint that connects the side to the top of the game, and without it the playing area is too unstable for kind of action the game generates.
The purpose of the letter is to ask your permission to send you the set for re-welding.
Rainy days become quite dull for them without that game, so I trust I shall hear from you soon.
Very truly yours,
Howard Gerber
Write a letter of thanks to someone who showed hospitality to you during your visit abroad. In your letter you should express your thanks and your hope to do something in reciprocate.(150-200)
July 16,2000
Dear Prof. Smith,
Many thanks for your kind hospitality and the honour you showed me during my recent visit your country. It was thoughtful of you to introduce me to so many of your famous professors and learned scholars in your country. I have learned a lot from them. I returned to China safe and sound last Friday, and have resumed my work now.
I hope you will some day visit our country with its ancient history and beautiful scenery, and give us some lectures on “Modern English Literature”.
Please have no hesitation in writing to me should you want me to do something for you in China.
With best wishes, I remain,
Yours sincerely,
David Li
Your American friend’s passed the entrance examination to a well-known college in china. Write a letter of congratulation to your friend.(150-200 words)
May 25,2000
Mr. Herry Bown,
NEW York, U.S.A.
Dear Mr. Brown,
I have just come to know that your son has passed the entrance examinations to Beijing University with a good record. I hasten to tender you a word of congratulation on this splendid success. I understand he will be allowed to major in Chinese history.
It is indeed a remarkable thing for a foreign youth to handle one of the hardest competitive exams in China on equal footing with crack Chinese scholars in spite of the language barrier. The success of your son not only proves his brilliance, but also has an international significance in that the appearance of an American ordinary student in a Chinese university will, no doubt, contribute to the promotion of Sino—American amity.
Please give my best regards to Mrs. Brown and your son Kate.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Zhi-wen
Write a letter to apply for a job. In your letter you should explain the source of your information, why you want to change job, and some information about yourself.(150-200 words)
337E.22nd St. Apt.11a
New York, NY 10023
May 21,1994
Kevin & Son’s
542 Overbrook Road
Bloomfield Hills, MI 48002
Dear Sir,
The sales job which you describe in your advertisement in the Mirror Of April 19 is one for which I think I can show you some excellent qualifications.
You ask for a “go-getter with proven experience. ” As you’ll see from my resume, I’ve turned in an above-average sales record for the past five years, ever since entering the sales field.
While I’m quite happy in my present work, the description of your job sounds even more appealing. I’d enjoy discussing my qualifications with you at your convenience.
Sincerely
Jack Smith Encl
You are ill and are staying in the hospital at the moment. Your friend sent you a book as a present to show you his or her concern. Write a letter to express your thanks to him or her and how much you like the book.(150-200 words)
Apr.12,1998
Fast Typing Mechanics Co.
234 Broadway street
Thank you so much, my dear friend, for the splendid present that you have sent me, and I feel deeply moved by this token of your affection. The book you chose to offer me is very interesting and instructive. I have read a few pages with great eagerness. It is a great consolation for me, being confined to the hospital by illness. I am sure there will be great pleasure and benefit in store for me.
I am glad to tell you, friend, I am making rapid progress toward health every day. It is my hope that I shall soon be able to inform you of my complete recovery.
Looking forward to joining you at school as soon as possible.
Yours affectionately,
(signature)
Jane
P.S. I am working on the paper for Dr. Taylor’s class, but I am afraid I can’t hand it in on time. Would you please explain for me to Dr. Taylor about my situation? I will turn it in as soon as I leave the hospital. Thank you again.
One of your friends has just got married. Write a letter of congratulation to the newly weds to express your best wishes and make some comment on the good qualities of the bridegroom or the bride; tell them that you are expecting them to visit you soon.(150-200 words)
Oct.20,2000
Dear Lena,
We’ve just learned of your recent marriage to Steven Philips. I can’t tell you how thrilled we are at this news. We have known Steven for years, and we have always thought of him as an exceptionally fine young man in every way, I’m sure that the excellent choice you have made is an omen of prosperity of your family. But we think he is lucky to have won a wonderful woman like you.
Our best wishes to both of you on your marriage. We hope you have nothing but joy and happiness in your life together.
Tell Steven how thrilled we are about your marriage and we hope we will soon have the fortune to welcome the newly weds in Los Angeles so that we can give you our congratulations in person.
I am sending you a present as a token of your affection.
Always affectionately,
Lenore and Peter
Write a letter to apply for a job. In your letter you should explain the source of your information, why you want the job, and some information about yourself.(150-200 words)
41 Science Drive
Madison, WI55511
(606)262-3322
Nov.24,1997
Dear sir,
If an ability to take direction well, and to carry out orders faithfully, is important to you, then I may be a good man for the job you advertised in the Chronicle of August 15.
The job sounds particularly interesting because it precisely the kind of work I have wanted to do for years. My working experience thus far has, I think, given me the attitudes and the understanding that would enable me to learn the details of the position you’ve advertised.
I’d very much appreciate the chance to talk to you, and to get your opinion on whether my background and inclinations would be suitable for the job you offer.
I can be reached by telephone at 398-4123.
Sincerely
(signature)
Jack Smith
Encl.
You are planning to further your studies in a college or university. Write an application to that institution. In your letter, provide the necessary information about yourself, tell them you want to study math and find out about the possibility of receiving financial support.(150-200)
June 24,1997
Dear Mrs.Chapman,
I am extremely interested in your graduate program in advanced math which has been widely recognized in China. Now I am writing to find out if I can enter this program.
I graduated in July 1995, from the Open University in the Province of Liaoning. After my graduation I have been working with a local tax bureau till the present moment. During my two-year service here, I have discovered that my math ability is very limited and I have decided now to improve myself in this area. In this letter, a resume of my education background and work experience is enclosed.
To prove that my English is good enough to enter your program, I took the TOEFL test in May and my test score is expected to arrive at your office sometime next month. Yes, I wonder if there is any possibility of getting a financial support from your university.
I am looking forward to be a reply at your earliest convenience.
Sincerely,
(signature)
Encl.
Suppose you are working in a language school-Hua-Ming Chinese Language School-in the United States and are preparing for the celebration of the third anniversary of it. You know an experienced language teacher who used to teach in a well-known university in China. He moved into your town last year. He has often been interested in the activities of your school. So you write to invite him over to make a speech on the occasion.
June 15,1999
Dear Professor Yao,
On Monday, July 7 we are planning to have a reception to celebrate the third anniversary of the Hua-Ming Chinese Language School and I have been asked by the board of directors to invite you to be the guest of honor on this occasion.
We learned that you had taught Chinese language and literature in Peking University for over 20 years. Besides, you have always shown great interest in our activities since you moved into our town last year. Therefore you are without doubt the ideal speaker.
We shall all be delighted as well as honored if you can find time to spend an evening with us. I will send further details as soon as I hear from you. I hope you will be able to accept this invitation

标出主题句。
1. Directions: Choose the best topic sentence from each group below. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
(1)a. Life began in a strange way.
b. Music is interesting and enjoyable.
c. A first impression is not always a reliable basis for judgment.
d. Science fiction is always exciting.
(2)a. Getting the right job can lead to an improved sense of self-esteem.
b. Most people are working hard to realize their dreams.
c. Getting the right job is important and can lead to rewarding experiences.
d. It is not easy to find satisfactory jobs nowadays.
(3)a. Last summer I worked as a gas station attendant.
b. I found a job in a garage last summer.
c. It is interesting to work as a gas attendant.
d. Working as a gas station attendant was the worst job I ever had.
(4)a. Mhatma Ghandi used passive resistance to reach his political goals.
b. Mhatma Ghandi was an inspiring leader.
c. Mhatma Ghandi was an India political leader.
d. Mhatma Ghandi made many inspiring speeches.
(5)a. Pollution is a terrible problem.
b. Noise pollution is harmful to people’s health.
c. Waste water from factories is spoiling our water resources.
d. Both machines and human beings share the guilt of pollution our air and water.
(6)a. Chinese doctors use acupuncture anesthesia to perform certain operations.
b. Acupuncture is one of the Chinese traditional treatments.
[U] c. Acupuncture anesthesia should replace conventional anesthesia in all operations.
d. Doctors often adopt partial anesthesia in minor operations.
(7)a. Many children watch cartoons on Saturday morning.
b. Cartons are popular with children.
c. Cartoon pictures are colourful and interesting.
d. Some experts feel that violence in cartoons is bad for children.
(8)a. Computers are widely used in many offices today.
b. Computers has brought us more good than harm.
c. Computers relieve people of great burden of doing complicated work.
d. I like playing games on computers.
2.Read the following paragraphs and underline the topic sentence. Write down the topic sentences in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
(1). The leaders of ancient Egypt and Ethiopia made many important contributions to good government. Negroes in Africa were among the earliest to perfect the art of making iron. In west Africa, Tenkemenin, Gongs Mussa, and Sunni Ali made important advances in the area of defensive and offensive warfare. Certainly Africans have earned their place in history.(2). Although the average American is likely to have an opinion about a political issue or personality, his opinion is not necessarily informed. For most Americans, politics is at best only a hobby, and political awareness must be purchased by giving up more pleasurable activities. Few citizens devote much of their leisure time to reading about politics listening to political news, or watching political programs on television.
(3). It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. ‘Upbringing’ is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term ‘education’. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.
(4).No wonder all his pupils loved Socrates. But he made some dangerous enemies by his strange ways of teaching and asking questions. Some of the rulers in Athens did not like people to be encouraged to ask too many questions for fear they would begin asking questions about what their rulers were doing. So they accused Socrates of teaching young men wicked things and leading them to throw off their religion. This was false, for in fact Socrates was a very religious man. At last his enemies had him arrested, and he was condemned to death.
(5).The bolts(闪电) that cut through the air are really channels for electric energy. They measure about 2 inches across. Their length may be as short as two meters or as long as 20 kilometers. They speed through the air at nearly half of speed of light. This is so fast that we can’t see that the bolt actually travels from ground up to the clouds. In that short instant, the electricity heats the air around it up to five times the temperature of the surface of the sun.
(6).Television was not invented by any one person. Nor did it spring into being overnight. It evolved gradually over along period from the ideas of many people——each one building on the work of their predecessors. The process began in 1873, when it was accidentally discovered that the electrical resistance of the element selenium(硒) varied in proportion to the intensity of the light shining on it. Scientists quickly recognized that this provided way of transforming light variations into electrical signals. Almost immediately a number of schemes were proposed for sending pictures by light(it was, of course, before radio)
(7).The early volunteers deserve special respect and admiration, for they were working along and doing hard and unpleasant tasks. Often they were regarded by the authorities as troublemakers rather than angels. The situation improved as their number grew and as the society became aware of their achievements. Gradually, the volunteers began to receive funds from private sources and form the government. They organized themselves, they became professional, and they did a considerable amount of good work. Then, in the last ten or fifteen years, changes in society brought about a transformation of volunteerism.

重新组合段落。
Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.
1.Some people don’t like any old thing.
2.He like old paintings and enjoys old books.
3.They always buy modern furniture.
4.For example, Dr. Reynolds likes old things.
5.He respects people’s differences.
6.They don’t like old painting; they don’t enjoy old books.
7.He is a wise and kind man.
8.He understands human nature.
9.He also owns old furniture.
10. Dr. Reynolds never criticizes them.
11. He respects the opinions of his friends.
12. An educated man is a tolerant man.
12 11 4 2 9 1 6 3 10 5 8 7
1. Parrots(鹦鹉) and mynah(八哥) are famous for their ability to reproduce human speech.
2. Many parrots learn to associate particular words with specific actions.
3. It is difficult, however, to show that such words have a real meaning for the parrot.
4. They certainly do not serve among parrots for communication, which , after all, is the function of language.
5. Mynah birds can imitate human vowel sounds better than parrots, but parrots can remember a larger vocabulary.
6. The record is 100 words.
7. They may say good-bye when someone leaves the room or hello when the telephone rings.
1 5 6 2 7 3 4
1. Because Sioux names almost always were based on something objective, they could easily be rendered pictographs—frequently with a line connecting visual representations of the name and a human head to signify ownership.
2. A Sioux baby was named soon after birth—usually by a medicine man or a paternal relative—and the entire village participated in the occasion.
3. The infant might be named for an animal, for a physical phenomenon such as thunder that occurred on the day of the birth or even for a brave deed that once had been performed by the giver of the name.
4. Below are some Sioux signatures.
5. However, a man who had a distinguishing characteristic was forever knows by an apposite nickname, such as Big Hand.
6. Laden with descriptive, allusive, or even magical meaning.
7. A woman generally kept the name she received at birth but a man often replaced his original name with new one that celebrated a personal act of valor, recalled an encounter with an unusual animals, or perhaps was inspired by a dream.
8. Sioux names were a language onto themselves.
8 6 2 3 7 5 1 4
1. Instead of being the very end of the allowable waiting scale, it was just the beginning.
2. Twenty minutes passed, then thirty then forty-five.
3. No matter what is said in apology there is little that can remove the damage done by an hour’s wait in an outer office.
4. This gave him the feeling of having done something to solve the problem, but he had not.
5. Arriving a little before the appointed hour, the agriculturist waited.
6. Yet in the country where this story took place, a forty-five minute waiting period was not unusual.
7. At this point he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the outer office.
8. Thus, when the American agriculturist left the office, his action seemed as unreasonable as it was impolite.
9. The hour came and passed: five minutes, ten minutes, fifteen minutes.
10. To an American, that is the beginning of the “insult period”.
5 9 7 4 2 10 3 6 1 8
1. It is the foreseeable future and not the future of the South Asian, which may involve centuries.
2. We will understand each other a little better if we can keep this fact in mind.
3. You, the viewer, are walking through the museum in the dark, holding a light to each scenes you pass it.
4. Americans look ahead and are concerned almost entirely with the future.
5. God is in charge of the museum, and only he knows all that is in it.
6. One lifetime represents one room.
7. Someone has said of the South Asian idea of time as: Time is like a museum with endless halls and rooms.
8. Since time has such different meanings in different cultures communication is often difficult.
9. The American idea of the future is limited, however.
4 9 1 7 3 5 6 8 2
1. A lock is simply a big water tank open at the top with watertight gates at both ends.
2. Then they are closed behind the ship.
3. The gates at that end open to let it out.
4. The ship rises as a result.
5. When it reaches the level of the water beyond the other end.
6. When a ship going “upstairs” comes to a lock, the gates at one end open to let it in.
7. Thus, lock after lock the ship rises higher and higher until at the last lock it rises to the level of the body of water outside, and it is ready to sail out of the canal.
8. Extra water is then let into the lock through pipes to raise the water level.
1 6 2 8 4 5 3 7
1. The balloon finally reached the shore, having raveled for 50 miles, just above the surface of the water.
2. As it neared Lake Ontario the balloon encountered a hurricane, lost its ascending power and rapidly sank toward the water.
3. Not one of them ever expected to reach the ground alive.
4. At 7:30 in the presence of thousands of spectators, the cords that kept the balloon earthbound were cut, and with considerable velocity it ascended to the height of two miles.
5. The provisions and some of the passengers’ clothing were tossed overboard
6. Here they were dragged over trees, hills and rocks, their lives endangered every moment.
7. On July 1,1859,four men, abundantly supplied with provisions, started on a trip by balloon from St. Louis to New York.
8. Taking an easterly direction, it passed in the course of the night and much of the next day over Lake Erie and Niagara Falls.
7 4 8 2 5 1 6 3
1. They are likely to fill up with water to flood in rainy seasons.
2. Many housing development projects have been built where marshes once were.
3. For example, a marshy bog(沼泽) may not be good for everything, but it serves an important purpose.
4. There are other ways that people interfere with nature.
5. Huge storm sewers are built to carry away to the water from wet areas.
6. The soft, wet soil of a bog allows water to reach the underground reservoirs.
7. What happens to the balance of nature if the bog is filled in?
8. Some of these ways are not so easy to understand.
9. The basement of the houses are likely to have problems.
10. These huge pipes prevent wet basements in the houses of the community.
4 8 3 6 7 2 9 1 5 10

标出与段落无关的句子。
Read the following paragraphs and cross out the irrelevant sentences. Write down the irrelevant sentences in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
1.Falling in love for the first time is a very weird(不可思议的) experience. One finds it difficult to concentrate and starts daydreaming about the last date and conversation. People have no reason to avoid falling in love even though it may be painful. Suddenly it’s almost impossible to sleep at night. Quite often one loses the appetite for food.

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